Endangered spacies

I have written 9 times about deep sea fish until now. And this post is last.
I would like to introduce deep sea fish which may be exterminated recent years.
First, I introduce a fish called hoki.
Deep sea fish which inhabits the depth of water between 100m and 1000 m of the sea near New Zealand.
The length is between 70 and 120 cm.
Having a big eyeball, the body has a very long and slender form where it tapered off.

Hoki is predatory. It eats a fish and there is a sharp sharp tooth in a big mouth.
Although a lantern fish is used as the main game, the crustacea and a cuttlefish also eat.
It will lay eggs around June to July.
A life is about 10 to 14 years.
It is an edible fish which circulates not only in New Zealand but in the whole world, and is general white-fleshed fish.
McDonald's use Hoki for fhyleofish which is name of hamburger.
Every year is used also in 7 million km, and especially hoki has greeted the crisis of extinction.
Although McDonald's reduced the amount of the hoki used, if a fish catch frame increases, it is supposed that it may increase from now on.
In Hotto Motto, it is used as materials of the fly of the white-fleshed fish of paste lunch.
Although the New Zealand government also performed fish catch restrictions, but it is said that the number of hoki is continuing becoming fewer.



Next, what is introduced is deep sea fish orange roughy.
Some kinds named roughy generically in three oceans including orange roughy who produces widely are the objects for a fish catch in every corner of the earth as an important edible fish.
Generally the deep sea fish which live in the deep sea of low-wash temperature has a late cycle of growth and breeding.
Therefore, we are anxious about exhaustion of the resources by overhunting.
Orange Rafi's fish catch started in the sea near New Zealand in early the 1980s.
It decreased 70% of resources in only six years, and became extinction anxiety deep sea fish instntly.
 
 Many deep sea fish is driven away to the crisis of extinction also at others.
According to research of the group of Canada, the number of deep sea fish is decreasing quickly under the influence of the deep sea trawl fishery which started in the 1970s.
It is insisted that immediate measures, such as a setup of a refuge, are required.
Deep sea fish also has many which will be useful in about 60 years and reach the length of 1 meter.
Growth and deep sea fish's sex　maturation are late, and its ability of reproduction is also low.
Therefore, it was thought that it was difficult to recover if a number becomes fewer by a fish catch.
However, since there were many mysteries in deep sea fish, there was little scientific research.
A research consortium analyzes the data of the test operation carried out from 1978 to 94 in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean about five kinds of deep sea fish caught accidentally frequently.
It turned out that five sorts of deep sea fish are decreasing in number by no less than 87 to 98% in 17 years.
These are equivalent to the extinction anxieties whose danger of very near future extinction is very high.
If a fishery is continued as it is, it will be presumed that 99% or more of the number of habitations is lost.
Thus, many deep sea fish is exposed to the crisis of extinction by being accidentally caught in a net as edible.
Since deep sea fish has many which have fearful appearance, it is seldom sold at a market.
Therefore, it is sold to a restaurant etc. at a low price, and is eaten.
I think that extinction of deep sea fish can be stopped according to our device.
I thought that it was strong with the deep sea fish of a mystical existence not being annihilated.
 I think that what is necessary is just to get many people to consider extinction of deep sea fish also alone through this blog.

Giant Oarfish

The fish introduced this time is a fish very famous as deep sea fish.
And I am the most interested fish in deep sea fish. The name is Giant Oarfish. We call it "Ryuuguunotukai" in Japan.
The whole body of Giant oarfish is silver gray.
The fin of a dorsal fin, a pectoral fin, and a ventral fin assumes skillful red, and serves as appearance suitable for "the messenger of Ryuuguu" which is a Japanese name.
Although full length is about 3 m in many cases, the individual which reached 11 m and the weight of 272 kg at the maximum has been reported.
In fishes with the bone which exists now, it is the longest kind in the world at present.






As crushed from right and left, the body flat, and it is thinly long and slender.
Body quantity of a head is the highest and it is tapering off toward a tail.
It does not have a scale and a tooth.



The fin of a ventral fin has only one right and left at a time, and it progresses remarkably long like thread.
The tip of a ventral fin swells in the shape of an oar, and serves as the origin of "Oarfish" which is one of the English names of this kind.
It turns out that many chemoreceptors exist in this swollen portion, and also considers suddenly the function to detect existence of a food living thing.

Giant Oarfish is broadly distributed over open seas of the sea in the world, such as the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean.
It is the deep sea fish which lives independently without drifting the middle layer which is distant from the seabed, and making a group.



An original habitation region is the deep sea of the open sea away from land, and it does not appear in public rash.
However, the characteristic figure is well known for the pictorial book etc.
The image record which photoed the figure which is actually useful, and in which it is swimming is very scarce.
Therefore, about ecology, it hardly understands.
Usually, it is stood still where most whole body is uprighted.
When moving, the body is leaned aslant, and it is thought that a long dorsal fin is made wave and made and it swims.

It was guessed by investigation of gastric contents that feeding habits were plankton feeding habits, and they have mainly preyed on the crustacea, such as a krill.
It is also a certain large　sized fishes that this kind exceeds 5 m, and it is concluded that being preyed except for pelagic sharks is rare.
It is expected that a fry moves to the middle layer with a depth of water of about 200 to 1000 m of deep sea according to growth.


From the strong appearance of the impact, Giant Oarfish is considered to have become a basis of the mighty creature tradition of every corner of the earth.
The existence was known for many years, and it was called "the king of the herring" and was regarded as the sign which divines the success or failure of a fishery in Europe .
In Japan, it was told as a part of "Ryuuguu" tradition or a mermaid as the Japanese name.
Usually, although deep sea is inhabited, the individual wound up and troubled with the billow appears rarely on the coast.
The example which was launched by the seashore or was unintentionally captured by the fishing net may be reported as news.
Many individuals were launched by the beach and a number of years or a front became the center of attention from the Sea of Japan.
In addition, according to several persons' testimony then eaten, it is supposed that the meat of this kind is soft from a white, and it is hardly suitable for edible since there is no taste appropriate for fat.
On the other hand, if it grills with salt, much water will come out, but there is also testimony of being eaten with good appetite the whole skin.

Moreover, Giant Oarfish also has many scholars who insist are related as for an earthquake.
According to them, when Giant Oarfish appears, it is supposed that cautions are required in the long run at the big earthquake.
This is movie of Giant Oarfish From You tube.
http://youtu.be/qeOaumx7wHc

Lantern fish

The unusual fish is introduced a little this time. The name is Lantern fish. In Japan, we call this fish "Hadakaiwasi".
Lantern fish is a fish to which a scale separates very easily.
If caught in net,a scale will be able to be taken immediately.
Therefore when Lantern fish catches, a scale hardly attaches a sardine.
From the figure and feature, it is called by the name of "Hadakaiwasi".

The body is somewhat flat right and left, and has a form near a herring etc. in them. 

A mouth is larger and turns to the bodily front.
Eyes are large.
A scale separates easily.
The color of the body is mainly brown from black.
Although a size is to what exceeds 20 cm from a small kind of 3 cm or less, as the whole, there are many kinds of 10 cm or less.
It has a luminescent organ on the surface of the body, and English name lantern fish originates in this.

Since it lives in the deep sea which light does not reach easily, the luminescent organ is important.

A luminescent organ is used as a mark at the time of making a group and the pair at the time of breeding.

Moreover, it is supposed that the luminescent organ is used for the protective coloring etc. which make it hard to be visible from a predation person's eyes.

Moreover, there is a kind with a big luminescent organ ahead of eyes, and it is said whether to use for investigation of food. 

It is distributed over the southern sea and the sea in the world to near the equator from the north sea.

The habitation range is wide and inhabits the deep sea near the seabed from near a sea surface.

Although it is famous as deep sea  fish, performing night movement which surfaces even to quite shallow depth of water is known.

Distance of this movement is made into depth of water, and ranges from several 100 m also to 1500 m depending on a seed.

Food is mainly a zooplankton.

It will be weak in the sea like small fish, such as a sardine, and will be the food of many fish or a bird.
It plays the role which passes higher order consumers the nutrition which plankton has.

Moreover, it is said that it has also played the role which carries the energy made near the sea surface to deep sea by perpendicular movement.

Although there are many resources,  the fishing which set the Lantern fish as the main objects is hardly performed in the world.
Although the use as edible is not common, either, depending on rural areas, it may be considered as edible as materials of roast fish, frying without coating, and boiled fish paste, and so on.

However as lipid, there are many kinds containing unabsorbable wax, and since a possibility of having diarrhea if it eats much can be considered, cautions are required in the human digestive organs.

If it is little, it will seem that it is usually satisfactory.

In Japan ,　 Lantern fish is eaten.

It is not so new at fishing ports, such as Kochi Prefecture and Mie Prefecture.

The dried food of Lantern fish is a skill which becomes infatuation, if it is eaten.

I want to eat Lantern fish in the future.

However, I would like to take care so that a lot may not be eaten just because it is delicious.

Coelacanth

Do you know Coelacanth? Coelacanth is the deep sea fish which alive the longest time in the all of the fish. There are many mysteries in coelacanth and it is very attractive. I want to introduce this fish today.






As for coelacanth, existence was known with many fossils.
It was thought that most was exterminated about 65 million years ago.
It was thought long that coelacanth was exterminated. However, existence was checked in South Africa in 1938, and it was surprised very much. Coelacanth is called living fossil. It survives so long and is a very precious existence. It is thought that coelacanth was far distributed over the shallow sea in the world widely at ancient times. What also has bodily shape and various lengths is known. Moreover, the huge coelacanth to which the restored full length amounts to 3 m is also known. The coelacanth of ready money inhabits deep sea and it is thought that it has preyed on the fish and the cuttlefish.






















In a certain area, coelacanth is called　Gonbessa. Although Gonbessa was the meaning "a shrewd fish" and "the fish which cannot be used", when coelacanth had been fished, since it said that I had you buy it highly, it came to be used for the purpose of "the fish which calls happiness."
A fish, a cuttlefish, etc. are eaten in the broad area from the depth of water of 40 meters to deep sea deeper than 600 meters. Eating habits are the types which add and eat what approaches while drifting. It seems that the animals which often "do a handstand" and wriggle to the seabed are eaten. The friend and cuttlefish of mackerel came out from the stomach of the coelacanth currently exhibitedIt has splendid breast Viret and belly Viret who walk along land. It is the feature that there are a big bone which cannot be seen with other fish, and a joint in this fillet. Moreover, it has also been the big feature that there is no backbone. The hose-like pipe is flatly connected to the tail instead of the hard backbone, and the inside of it is filled with a liquid like oil.




http://youtu.be/jGjH-HF1L_w

Fish which live the deepest sea

One question will have been borne if investigated about deep sea fish. I have a question what is the fish which lives in deep sea most. I investigated about this question this time.
The deepest deep sea in the world is Mariana Trench. It is said that it is about 10920 m in depth. Generally deep sea is the sea deeper than 200 m.
Considering that, it turns out that it is the world where deep sea is large and deep.
 A fish called Yominoasiro is introduced first. A caudal fin is lost, and if the body sees from width, it is carrying out the form near a long and slender oval figure.






 The length is a small fish of the grade over 10 cm. Compared with the same kind of deep sea fish fish, it is very small.As compared with the body, it is large, and a head becomes about  1/3, and a mouth's is large. Eyes are buried under the skin, and degenerate and are hardly conspicuous. The color of the body is a cinnamon color.










Near the trench of the super　deep ocean floor is made into the habitat.
Food is a small living thing which lives in the dead body of the living thing which mainly falls from the upper sea, and the super　deep sea in which it gathers in quest of it.
It has the deepest habitation record of 8370 m in all the fishes.
There is a possibility that a strange living thing will be discovered in super　deep sea, still more. Therefore, the deep sea fish which lives in a future more deep place will be discovered.
 Next, the fish to introduce is a fish called hadal snaiilfish. This fish is discovered in the deep sea in Japan. The body is flexible and it is carrying out it flabbily. Although a head is large, a caudal portion is an anticlimax, and when it sees from a top, it has a form similar to a tadpole. In about 10 ～ 20 cm, the length is 23.8 cm in full length at the maximum.
Some internal organs are transparent and it is visible. Eyes are black and small.















 Snaiilfish is very pretty although there are many deep sea fish of the fearful appearance.
It is a demersal fish which inhabits the sea deeper than the depth of water of 6000 m, and lives near the seabed of a trench. It is in one of the kinds which conflicts and divides in deep sea fish and lives in a deep domain.The habitation region which is clear until now is restricted to the depths of the trench in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
It is witnessed with the depth of water of 7587 m of the Japan Deep and the Kuril trench.

Dishes of deep sea fish

Deep sea fish has many which have the feeling that appearance is bad.
However, unlike appearance, there are many delicious fish.
I would like to introduce the dish with delicious deep sea fish this time.
I would like to introduce deep sea fish called an oil fish to the beginning.
Seemingly, deep sea fish called an oil fish is a fish which hid the thick taste of the rare object of art. However, as a problem, most oil and fats ingredients of the inside of the body of this fish are made of wax ester nondigestible in a human body.
Therefore, if it takes in in large quantities, he may become sick or it may start diarrhea and a stomachache. Dying has also been reported when ingestion is carried out so much.
However, many of persons who ate this fish have extolled the taste.
Seemingly it will be very thick, and seemingly there are many meat juices and texture's will be very wonderful. Moreover, a thing that there is also no bad smell and it is very easy to eat. Although there is courage in eating very much, it is one of the fish to eat at once.
 Next, what is introduced is a fish called Nodoguro. The official name of Nodoguro is dirt Mutsu. However, in the Sea of Japan, since the inside of a mouth is black, it is called Nodoguro. Since Nodoguro inhabits the comparatively shallow sea also in deep sea fish, appearance hardly changes it to an ordinary fish.
Since the taste of Nodoguro is very delicious, it is also called the high class fish of the phantom. Seemingly, the general and most delicious way of eating will eat as a dish grilled with salt or sliced raw fish.
Goosefish is also famous as delicious deep sea fish. Goosefish hotpot is the most general way of eating. We can eat place except bone and the gelatin content of the skin is the most delicious also in Goosefish.Seemingly a prefecture famous for landing of Goosefish incidentally is Ibaraki Prefecture. Goosefish hotpot was called Dobuziru and fishermen were eating it from ancient times. A decade ago, Goosefish did not become an article for sale.
Then, the pan and it which fishermen invented are Dobuziru.
Seemingly, Dobuziru cooked using much Goosefish will not use any water.
Juice is made only from the moisture which comes out of Goosefish.
Therefore, it is a thing that it is substantial and the thick taste of a liver is very delicious.
I would like to eat such deep sea fish once.
I studied that the delicacy of the fish isn't based on appearance.

Body structure

A solar light hardly reaches deep sea.
Moreover, water pressure is high, the temperature of water is also low, and there are few organic matters which can be used. Thus, conditions with deep sea severe for a living thing are met. In order to live in such environment, deep sea fish fish has the various unusual features in the body. It is considered that the device would like to introduce this time. The bone and muscles in the body of fishes are heavy. The fish which lives in a shoal has acquired lift by swimming. In scarce deep sea, the deep sea fish needs to secure lift to the energy which can be exploited, without swimming as much as possible. In many deep sea fish fish, tissues in the living body, such as a bone, a cartilage, and muscles, are decreasing in number. Instead, moisture and fat are included so much.
A small kind and a kind without a scale also have many frames of a head, and they are estimated at one means towards a weight saving. A bladder is a general means by which the fish which lives in a shoal acquires lift. However, since water pressure is very high, it is not expectable in the function of a bladder in deep sea.
In order to be equal to flood pressure and a rapid pressure change, deep sea fish's wall of a bladder is thick, or the device of transposing a content to not gas but fat or wax is seen.
Sunlight arrives barely to about depth-sounding 1000m.
Therefore, what has a very big eyeball in the deep sea fish which lives in this domain to the body is. The light which arrives at deep sea is always poured from right above regardless of a solar position for dispersion and refraction. Moreover, there is also little change of light volume to sunset. Therefore, there is also much deep sea fish with the tubular eye which has turned to right above. In the sea deeper than the depth of water of 1000 m, light hardly arrives. Therefore, there are much deep sea  fish where eyes degenerate and which does not have eyes, and deep sea fish whose eyes are very small.
There are many kinds which emit light in deep sea fish. A bioluminescence is a luminous phenomenon which happens by a chemical reaction, and is one of the important features which many deep sea living things have.
It is supposed that a number of individuals is used and 90 percent or more emits light 70 percent of the deep sea fish which lives in the sea deeper than 500 m.
Deep sea fish captures food by emitting light, or takes deep sea fish communication.

Research of deep sea fish

Many mysteries which are not solved about deep sea fish exist even now when technology progressed greatly. While research which solves the mystery is done, research whether deep sea fish can be used by life is also performed. I would like to introduce the research this time. From the trawl fishery by a trawl net, a lot of deep sea fish is landed with an aimed high　class fish in many cases. Except for some deep sea fish used as steamed fish paste and so on, many deep sea fish was discarded from there being no market value until now. However, such deep sea fish is eaten in various places in recent years. Research that deep sea fish will be used as new fishing resources has been actively performed after the 1970s. Search of the deep sea fish which can be used as new resources is advanced by the Japanese survey ship. The Fisheries Agency performed the survey of natural resources of the deep sea by a northern sea trawler from 1977 to 1979. A Japanese survey ship which called Shinkai developed the deep sea fishery of every corner of the earth over 20 years from 1970. Many abyssal fish came to be used as edible as a result of these investigations. Therefore, import of deep sea fish and export came to be performed frequently. Research submersibles, such as Shinkai 2000, are also engaged in resources investigation and an ecology elucidation of bathybic fishery fish stocks, such as rockfish sandfish. Many of deep sea fish developed by the above trawler investigations is the kinds inhabiting the seabed. On the other hand, the Hadaka sardines which live to the middle layer of deep sea very mostly attract attention as an energy source supporting increase of global food demand. Since the friend of a Hadaka sardine has very much lipid, he has been considered not to turn to edible. However, having the lipid composition which is not different from a common edible fish has been reported by many kinds. If the total amount of living things of the deep sea fish which sails in the middle layer of deep sea goes up to at least 950 million tons, it is estimated.The method of utilizing these abundant resources that are not exploited is explored in recent years. Swimming deep sea fish is storing lipid in the inside of the body in many cases. However, it was discovered by investigation that there are some which contain wax as oil and fat content in inside. In a human body, since wax was indigestible, it was not turning to eating these fish meat. Sale is forbidden in Japan to the oil fish in which the amount of wax is especially large by Food sanitation law. Research whether the deep sea fish containing many  inside of the body such wax can be used as a certain energy is done. I got interested in this research very much. I would like to take notice of progress of future research.

History of discovery deep sea fish

Its environment was very severe, and since the range of deep sea was also very wide, compared with the shallow sea, observation and research were difficult for it.
Therefore, it was unknown whether a living thing existed, while it was long.
The deep sea inanimate object theory was announced in 1839. This was advocated by British scholar Edward Forbes. Deep sea inanimate object theories are the contents that a living thing does not exist in deep sea (range deeper than the depth of water of 548 m). This was considered from the results of an investigation of the survey ship performed by many years. Many people consented to this opinion and the living thing was widely considered not to exist by deep sea. However, the living thing was successively extracted by investigation of each country using a subsequent trawl and submarine cable from deep sea. Therefore, this deep sea inanimate object theory will be denied. However, about a deep sea living thing actually existing, it was not proved deterministically. Existence of a deep sea living thing was deterministically proved during 1876 after 1872. The large　scale round　the　world voyage of exploration by the challenger number of Royal Navy was carried out in the four years. The research findings of huge oceanography were brought about by this voyage. By these research findings, oceanographic investigation became full　scale in many countries. The history of research of deep sea fish also began from here. Therefore, research of deep sea fish was very difficult and did not progress easily. The deep sea fish which was caught in the net of the fishery by chance, or was launched by the seashore became a very precious specimen. However, the figure in which deep sea fish is actually alive could not be checked, and the information about a native habitat or ecology was hardly able to be acquired. The specimen extraction from deep sea was attained by improvement of a wire rope or a trawl after the second half of the 19th century. However, it was not still easy to carry out direct observation of the deep sea fish. The submarine was already put in practical use as a weapon at the time of World War I. However, the diving apparatus of it for the scientific purpose was behind by one side. In 1928, the ball in which people can ride and which can be dived was developed and observation of deep sea fish was attained at last. The ball in which the diving is possible was called Batisufair. Although Batisufair has not power, it succeeded in diving to the depth of 923 m. And deep sea investigation boat which is called bathyscaphe with power were built in 1948. Two or more succeeding machines were made and the bathyscaphe provided ecology observation of deep sea fish and a specimen collection with large depth with the powerful means. From the second half of the 20th century to the present age, investigation by Shinkai 6500 of Japan, the meal of Russia, the U.S. Alvin number, and so on is led, and the information about adaptation to the lifestyle and environment of deep sea fish is being accumulated. However, many mysteries still exist in deep sea fish. I would like to introduce being known through my blog now as much as possible.